Religion in Modern Language: Part One

Blackkdark's picture
Written by Blackkdark
on

Isn't it interesting how in english the word Spell has two different meanings, one involving language and one involving magic(k)?  The same could be said with the word Curse.  We have a lot of little connections in our everyday language which go back to old expression which have to do with paganism and that sort of thing, as well some simplified things from religion as well.

One of my favorite things are the days of the week.  The English days of the week are actually named after the Norse gods (with the exception of one, which will be mentioned below).  The Latin based languages use the Roman goes (which is why they look so different from English).  The funny thing is not really how they are different but rather how they are the same.  The interesting thing is although they are not the same names, the gods that correspond to each other even accross different language families have similar powers to similar days.

First let's look at the English, Norwegian  and German names of the days of the week and what Gods they correspond to.  Notice that the spellings of the Norse Gods' names can be different depending. 

 English Norwegian German Norse Symbol or God 
 Sunday søndag Sonntag The Sun, solet, Die Sonne
 Monday mandag Montag The Moon. månet, Der Mond
 Tuesday tirsdag Dienstag* The War God, Tyr
 Wednesday onsdag Mittwoch The Magic God, Odin
 Thursday torsdag Donnerstag The Thunder God, Thor
 Friday fredag Freitag The Fertility Goddess, Freya
 Saturday lørdag Samstag  different for each
 *For Dienstag in German comes from the German word Dienen which  means to serve.  This involved serving the god Tyr, so it became the day of serving Tyr, or Service day.
Saturday is strange for a few different languages.  In Norwegian it is related to Old Norse Laugardagr, which apperantly was the day of Washing since the Vikings were prone to wash their hair specifically on this day.  In English it's after the Roman god Saturn.  I'm not sure about the German, but it's probably related to the English.

The interesting thing is when we compare it to the Latin based days of the week.  Then we get:

Italian French Spanish  LatinRoman Symbol or God
 domenica dimanche domingo dies solis Latin the sun **for the rest
 lunedi lundi lunes  dies lunae The Moon
 martedi mardi  martes  dies Martis The War God Mars
 mercoledi mercredi  miércoles  dies Mercurii The Magic God Mercury
 giovedi jeudi  jueves  dies Jovis The Thunder God Jupiter
 venerdi vendredi  viernes dies Veneris  The Feritlity or Love Goddess Venus
 sabato samedi  sábádo dies Saturni  Latin Saturn *** for the rest

**the Modern Romance languages' words for Sunday came from Latin Dominus (from which English Dominant comes) and involve the Christian God, whom they believe to be dominant over all.
*** The Modern Romance Languages' words for Saturday probably come from the Hebrew word from which we get Sabbath.


Now, the Gods in both cases here have not only those power, but here we can see how they are connected.  Even across unrelated (well not directly related) languages.
They seem to all have similar powers for the same days.  Now I don't know if they all got together and said hey this is a cool idea, or maybe the Germanic peoples did it to spite the Latin speakers, but now we can see interesting connections.




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Neil's picture
Submitted by Neil on Mon, 19/03/2007 - 21:28.

That's really interesting. As an (ex) student of Religious Studies I'm really interested in how religious and cultural meanings from across cultures can interwind and form something new. I guess what we see here is the linguistic manifestation of it.

Recently I was thinking of this because of how Easter here in Spain is so different to Easter in the UK. In the UK it's very much a thinly veiled pagan festival mostly involving chocolate eggs, baby lambs and general celebrations of fertility (if you've endured winter in the UK you'll know why we celebrate Spring) . Here in Spain its all a bit more Christian (and Catholic) with saints, weeping statues and processions of people wearing pointy hats. 

thanks for the pic

 


Blackkdark's picture
Submitted by Blackkdark on Tue, 20/03/2007 - 05:09.

That also goes to show how arbitrary symbols and costumes can be, since in America, those would look like members of the KKK which did a lot of racist damage.  It's all a matter of how we look at it.


Neil's picture
Submitted by Neil on Tue, 20/03/2007 - 19:18.

The costumes also have the same connotations in Europe. They were also the costumes of the Spanish Inquisition, who in their time were just as damaging and evil as the KKK.

Although, I and probably anyone else who has seen the Monty Python Spanish Inquisition sketch, can not possibly take these costumes seriously anymore.


Blackkdark's picture
Submitted by Blackkdark on Tue, 20/03/2007 - 20:08.

In the next article I'm going to write about how symbols and words have been changed and now can have negative connotations. 


or's picture
Submitted by or on Fri, 23/03/2007 - 19:17.

actually, as funny as it sounds, Japanese took it's names for days of the week from latin as well (through chinese). ;P

have a look here! :)

also, you can find more information on the days of the week in other languages (including western ones ;P) here :)


bargelmir's picture
Submitted by bargelmir on Sat, 31/03/2007 - 17:52.

The norwegian word for saturday comes from the old norse words laug = bath and dagr = day since it was a norse tradition to wash themselves on saturdays. So it's not related to Lord's Day or christianity at all.

/Moe


Neil's picture
Submitted by Neil on Fri, 06/04/2007 - 16:24.

Interesting to note the days of the week in Thai also have astronomical origin as show in the Latin table above. I would be fascinated to know how this came about. I know around the turn of the 20th century Thailand had a massive civilization/westernization campaign where things such as surnames, suits, bowler hats were introduced into society and endorsed by the Monarchy.

 

This was part of a grander strategy of avoiding colonization by appearing more cilivilized (i.e. westernised) than their neighbors. Perhaps the names of the days of the week modified then? Anyone have any ideas?

 

English name Thai name Transcription Planet
Sunday วันอาทิตย์ wan athit Sun
Monday วันจันทร์ wan chan Moon
Tuesday วันอังคาร wan angkhan Mars
Wednesday วันพุธ wan phut Mercury
Thursday วันพฤหัสบดี wan pharuehat(sabordee) Jupiter
Friday วันศุกร์ wan suk Venus
Saturday วันเสาร์ wan sao Saturn

Note: The colours are the traditional Thai birthday colours.

(Pinched from the wikipedia article for convenience)


Blackkdark's picture
Submitted by Blackkdark on Sat, 07/04/2007 - 16:17.

Thanks, I changed it now, based on the research I did to confirm what you wrote.  I had originally made an educated guess but it makes sense that way too.


ShyGuy1013's picture
Submitted by ShyGuy1013 on Tue, 10/04/2007 - 07:28.
wow, its really interesting to actually find out what they mean ... everyday words and they have a deeper meaning than just a day ... wow thanks ... goanna show off to people what I know now haha ...